关键词: 危机决策, 决策者角色, 任务框架, 眼动技术

Abstract: Crisis decision-making refers to the decisions making by decision-makers in crisis situations, that is in the limited conditions such as time, resources and information the quick judgment and behavioral response made by decision makers. In recent years, the researches of crisis decision-making are on the perspective of self-decision-making. In daily life, we also need to make decisions for others, such as doctors offer patients the most appropriate treatment. Many studies have shown that there are differences in self-other decision-making. Similarly, in the crisis, not only we need to make decisions for ourselves but also need to make decisions for the others. In other words, in facing the crisis those individuals who are in the crisis situations will making decisions for themselves in the first time to avoid property losses and to protect their life, leaders of crisis management will make decision for the others through the limited clues. Construal level theory proposed that high-level construal as relatively abstract, coherent, and superordinate mental representations, compared with low-level construal. Is it the same that making crisis decisions for ourselves and for others? This is also the focus of our study. The present study employed two experiments to investigate the self-other crisis decision-making process of information processing. In Experiment 1, the experiment design was an one-way (decision-makers’ role: self, other) within-subjects design. The materials were taken from Zheng (2007), modified with actual cases. These materials included individual’s decision tasks in the fire crisis. A total of 63 undergraduates participated in the experiment. Their eye movements were recorded with the iView X-RED eye tracker. The results showed that there were differences in self-other crisis decision-making process of information processing. Specifically, there were longer reading time, longer mean fixation time, more fixations, longer gaze duration and more regression for oneself than for others. Framing effect refers to different description on the same issue and lead to different decision making. It has been proved that the existence of framing effect in risky decision making, cross-time decision making, health and consumer decision making. What kind of differences it would have in self-others crisis decision making after we join the task framework? In Experiment 2, the experiment design was a 2 (decision-makers: self, others) × 2(task framework: positive, negative) mixed design. The decision-makers were the between-subjects factor, and the task framework was the within-subjects factor. The materials were taken from Zheng (2007), combined with the real cases happened in the golden week of 2006. These materials included the decision tasks of crisis encountered in outdoor activities. A total of 64 undergraduates participated in the experiment. Their eye movements were recorded with the iView X-RED eye tracker. The results showed that there were longer reading time, longer mean fixation time, more fixations, longer gaze duration and more regression for oneself than for others in the positive framework. And there had no differences in the negative framework. In conclusion, there had significant differences in self-other crisis decision-making, embodied in the differences of search time, depth and pattern for information. Positive task framework had significant influence on self-other crisis decision-making. There had no differences in the negative framework.

Key words: Crisis decision-making, Decision makers’ roles, Task frame, Eye-movement technology