关键词: 关键词 价值导向元记忆, 眼动追踪, 监测与控制, 项目选择, 学习时间分配

Abstract: Abstract: When people encounter information with different values and different importance, the ability to selectively encode and retrieve more important information is essential for effective learning (Castel, Benjamin, Craik, & Watkins, 2002). The remembering process which people selectively encodes and retrieves important information is Value-Directed Remembering. However, researchers proposed that the process of value-directed remembering contains not only memory process, but also metacognitive process (Yan & Jiang, 2013; Jiang, 2016). Therefore, Jiang (2016) clarified the definition of value-directed metamemory, which includes the monitoring and controlling processes, occurs when people encounter a large amount of information and need to allocate more attention resource to high value items selectively, as well as coordinate the memory process to give them higher priority, keep them in working memory, and later retrieve them successfully. Firstly, this paper summarized research questions in value-directed metamemory which researchers concerned. More specifically, the present summary focused on how value can have a profound effect on monitoring and controlling process. For example, during the learning process, how people select items and allocate their study time to achieve their study goal. In addition, the age differences and individual differences of value-directed metamemory also aroused widely concern. Secondly, we introduced the framework of value-directed metamemory and analyzed the relation between monitoring part and controlling part of it. The monitoring part focused on how value, reward or importance has an effect on metacognitive predictions and their accuracy. However, the controlling part concerned how people select high value items and allocate more attention resource to them. Thirdly, we analyzed the reason why researchers applied eye-tracking technique in value-directed metamemory. On the one hand, from the view of research field, it is essential to use a kind of tool to record the strategy controlling process directly. On the other hand, the eye-tracking technique has the advantages of (1) without interference, (2) high ecological validity, and (3) being suitable for young children subjects. So more and more researchers use eye-tracking technique to investigate the controlling process of value-directed metamemory. Fourthly, the eye tracking indexes which have been adopted in value-directed metamemory were outlined, such as item selection, study time allocation, and learning processing. For example, some research used the first fixation count of each AOI and the proportion of fixation count as the index of item selection. Besides that, we also illustrated how they used these indexes for specific purpose in their research. Finally, we summarized other indexes which were used in some other related research areas and discussed how they can be used in value-directed metamemory. These indexes can be further developed in the future, such as item selection, study time allocation, study efficiency and encoding pattern. For example, saccade latency is a sensitive indicator of item selection. Researchers have found that value or reward has a significant effect on it. So we can investigate item selection between different value conditions by comparing the index of it. In summary, a conceptual framework of value-directed metamemory and the application of eye tracking technology in it were outlined.

Key words: Key words: value-directed metamemory, eye-tracking, monitoring and control, item selection, study time allocation