自我关注与社交焦虑：负面评价恐惧的中介与关系型自我构念的调节

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确自我关注对社交焦虑的影响机制，建构了一个有调节的中介模型，考察负面评价恐惧、关系型自我构念的作用以及性别差异。选取446名大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明：（1）自我关注部分通过负面评价恐惧的中介作用间接预测社交焦虑；（2）关系型自我构念调节中介模型的前半路径：在高关系型自我构念下，自我关注可以显著预测负面评价恐惧；在低关系型自我构念下，该预测作用不显著；（3）有调节的中介模型存在性别差异：在女生群体中，负面评价恐惧的中介效应大于男生群体，且关系型自我构念的调节作用显著；而在男生群体中，该调节效应不显著。

关键词: 自我关注负面评价恐惧关系型自我构念社交焦虑

Abstract: With the awakening of people's awareness, social anxiety has gradually become one of the most important social problems. More attention has been paid to explore the mechanism of social anxiety. As the core of personality, self is connected with all aspects of mental process. The object self-awareness theory holds that individuals point to themselves or deviate from themselves at a particular time. When individuals focus on themselves, they will compare with a certain standard, perceive the gap between the real self and the ideal self, and then generate social anxiety. Many empirical studies have confirmed that self-focused attention(SFA) is associated with social anxiety, but few studies have demonstrated the influence mechanism of SFA on social anxiety. According to social anxiety cognitive behavioral model, fear of negative evaluation(FNE) is regarded as the core feature of social anxiety. In addition, the meta cognitive model points out that the characteristics of FNE in social anxiety is based on SFA. The self-focused attention model of psychopathology suggests that the negative effect of SFA is conditional. When self-concept is threatened, it will cause negative effects of SFA. Therefore, this study hypothesized that relational-interdependent self-construal(RISC), as one of the factors threatening self-concept, can moderate the relationship between SFA and FNE. In addition, it has been found that there is gender differences of RISC’s moderating effect in other variables. This study also investigated the gender differences of RISC’s moderating effect in the relationship between SFA and FNE. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence mechanism of SFA on social anxiety. 446 college students (192 boys and 254 girls) were recruited to participate in this study. They completed the self-focused attention scale, relational-interdependent self-construal scale, fear of negative evaluation scale and social anxiety scale. Bootstrap of Amos is used as the analytic method to analyze and process the data. The results indicated that: FNE mediated the relationship of SFA to social anxiety. SFA predicted FNE significantly (β=.46, p <0.01), and FNE predicted social anxiety significantly(β=.25, p <0.01). RISC moderated the effect of SFA to FNE. The interaction term (SFA x RISC) predicted the FNE explicitly (β=.23, p <0.01). When the levels of RISC were low, the relation of SFA to FNE was crucial, but the relationship was not crucial with high SFA. The mediating effect of FNE and the moderating effect of RISC have gender differences. In the female group, the mediating effect is greater than the male group and the moderating effect of RISC is significant. While in the male group, the moderating effect of RISC is not significant. On the one hand, this study adds new results to related studies on the mechanism of social anxiety. On the other hand, it provides theoretical support for college students to relieve social anxiety. More successful social experiences can improve college students' social confidence and reduce their fear of negative evaluation. The way of individual counseling and group counseling can guide college students to form the ability to define themselves independently, and guide individuals to transfer their attention to the external environment to reduce the negative attention to self.

Key words: self-focused attention, fear of negative evaluation, relational-interdependent self-construal, social

李昳陆桂芝李勇. 自我关注与社交焦虑：负面评价恐惧的中介与关系型自我构念的调节[J]. 心理科学, 2018, (5): 1261-1267.

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