关键词: A/B型人格, 时间性前瞻记忆, 时间监控模式

Abstract:

Time-based prospective memory is defined as the ability to remember to perform intended actions in the future (Einstein & McDaniel, 1996). Good time management requires the ability to both plan a schedule and keep to it (Francis-Smythe & Robertson, 1999). Good time managers are more likely to complete a task on time and as such be effective in their use of time management as an aid to time-based prospective memory (Francis-Smythe, 2006). High time urgency might predispose people to use effective time management behaviors as either compensatory or aiding strategies to perform the target task of time-based prospective memory on time. The Type A behavior pattern was first described as a set of behaviors that were related to development of coronary heart disease. People with Type A personality profiles are said to exhibit a strong sense of time urgency, an intense need to complete tasks, and a preoccupation with meeting deadlines. In contrast, people with Type B behavior pattern are much less driven by the deadline, so they are less concerned about completing tasks on time and meeting deadlines than their Type A counterparts in general (Searleman, 1996).As one of the main components of Type A behavior pattern, time urgency is considered to be a multi-dimensional construction which is composed of time awareness, scheduling, list making, eating behavior and deadline control.Therefore, with strong time urgency and deadline control, Type A behavior pattern, one of time-related personalities, is considered to be related with time-based prospective memory. On the basis of these studies, performances on time-based prospective memory task and ongoing task, time monitoring modes during performing time-based prospective memory task by subjects with A and B behavior patterns are compared in this research.We checked the time monitoring modes, which include times and accuracy of clock checking, the distributions of clock checking during intention retention when performing a time-based prospective memory task that is neither interpersonal in nature nor personally important to the subjects. As a result, we observed no significant difference in the performances of prospective memory between subjects with Type A and B personalities, while performance of ongoing task for Type A better than Type B personalities. Moreover, subjects with Type A personality checked clock less, but more accurately, than subjects with Type B personality did. As the target time was approachin