关键词: 大学生, 道德人格

Abstract:

Moral personality is a new subject of modern moral psychology. In the last nearly half century, Kohlberg’s moral cognition development theory dominated the field of moral psychology and influenced moral education greatly. But Kohlberg’s theory hasn’t resolved two problems completely: the relationships between moral cognition and moral emotion and the relationships between moral cognition and moral behavior. In the light of these problems, many researchers realize that moral personality must be introduced in order to understand individual’s moral behavior. Current foreign researches about moral personality focus on the implication, the structure, the characteristics and the neuroscience basis of moral personality. Many domestic researches are ethical and educational discussion and there is no psychological investigation to moral personality. Consequently, Chinese researchers should pay more attention to psychological researches of moral personality, especially the exploration of structure and characteristics of adolescents’ moral personality. Considered the researches of undergraduates’ moral psychology are weak, this research investigates the characteristics of undergraduates’ moral personality initially which make some basic work for further moral psychology research. In order to carry out the investigation, the researchers use 803 undergraduates as subjects and three questionnaires as tools: Undergraduates’ Moral Personality Adjectives Questionnaire (UMPAQ), Moral Judgment Test-Chinese version (MJT-C) and Undergraduates’ Daily Behavior Questionnaire (UDBQ). UMPAQ is composed of 72 items and includes four factors: immorality, kindness, integrity-selflessness and honesty-thrift. The internal consistency and half reliability of every factor is 0.74~0.92 and 0.66~0.89 respectively. The results of structure equation model analysis indicate that UMPAQ has good structure fitness. Subjects are asked to rated from 1 to 5 on every item. MJT is developed by German psychologist Lind which includes two dilemma stories and there are 13 questions after every story. Chinese researcher has made cross-culture validation which indicates that the order of preferences, quasi-simplex structure and cognitive-affective parallelism of MJT-C suit the revising standard. UDBQ is composed of 10 items which involving the usual moral and immoral behaviors of undergraduates. The test-retest reliability of UDBQ is 0.96. The main results are: (1) The gender difference of undergraduates’ moral personality is significant which the total score and the score of kindness of female undergraduates are higher than male undergraduates and the score of immorality and the score of integrity-selflessness of male undergraduates are higher than female undergraduates. The results of MANOVA analysis and further tests confirm the same conclusion. (2) The grade difference of the total score of undergraduates’ moral personality isn’t significant which indicates undergraduates’ moral personality is stable relatively. But there is a significant difference on the score of kindness which the score of junior is significant higher than the score of freshman and the score of senior. (3) The correlation between undergraduates’ moral personality and their moral behavior is significant. Regression analysis finds out that undergraduates’ moral personality is the effective predictor of their moral behavior no matter the independent variable is the total score of moral personality or the factor score of moral personality.

Key words: undergraduates, moral personality