Abstract: Cooperation means bringing benefits to others at the expense of one's own. However, this kind of cooperation is not the best strategy, so the research question of whether the cooperation strategy comes from intuition or thinking. The current research results on intuitive cooperation have not been conclusive, one of the reasons may be that the mechanism of intuitive cooperation is not clear. Therefore, this study proposed based on social heuristics hypothesis ( SHH ) , query theory and the public goods game, through two experimental investigation of time constraint of cooperation effect and mechanism of action. Firstly, we randomly selected 30 participants ( 15female, M±SD = 19.10±1.18 ) involved in no time constraint of cooperation and competition situation of the public goods game by measuring reaction time in the preliminary experiments. Time pressure was set to under 10s, and time delay was set to more than 10s. Then, we manipulated two different variables: experimental situation ( Cooperative situation vs. Competitive situation ) and time constraint ( Time pressure vs. Time delay ) in the first experiment. We used the contribution token task to measure the degree of cooperation and the reaction time. 120 undergraduates ( 94 female, M±SD = 18.88±.78 ) participated in the experiment. Next, we introduced the similarity perception and standardized mean rank difference ( SMRD ) to explore the mechanism in the second experiment. According to the query theory, individuals decompose problems into a series of inquiries when making decisions, and due to output interference, the information in the previous inquiry is larger and richer than the information in the latter, so the former inquiry has a greater impact on the decision. Specifically, the challenge asked participants to write down their thoughts in order at the time of the decision, followed by their contributions. 120 undergraduates ( 87 female, M±SD = 18.73±1.69 ) participated in the experiment. Finally, all experimental programs were developed and designed by E-prime program. The results showed that: ( 1 ) The main effect of time constraint was significant ( F ( 1, 116 ) = 22.75, p < .001, ηp2 = .16), the cooperation level under time pressure was significantly higher than time delay, and the shorter the reaction time, the higher the cooperation level ( t ( 118 ) = -2.52, β = -.23, p < .05, R2 = .05 ) . ( 2 ) The main effect of experimental situation was significant ( F ( 1, 116 ) = 3.68, p = .057, ηp2 = .03), and the level of cooperation in the cooperative situation was higher than competitive situation. ( 3 ) Similarity perception and SMRD respectively mediated the influence of time constraint on cooperative behavior, and time constraint could influence cooperative behavior through the chain mediation path of similarity perception and SMRD. ( 4 ) The mediating path and chain mediating path between time constraint and cooperative behavior were regulated by the experimental situation. Studies have shown that compared to the competition situation, the stronger the cooperation situation of individual time pressure, and the decision-making and the shorter the time, the higher the perceived similarities between with others, the easier it is to produce first altruism idea, so that people in heuristic thinking and performance for intuitive cooperation.

Key words: time constraint, cooperation, social heuristic hypothesis, public goods game, query theory

摘要： 研究采用公共物品博弈并通过2个实验考察了时间限制对合作的影响及其作用机制。结果发现时间压力感越强，决策时间越短，合作水平越高，且合作情境比竞争情境更有利于直觉合作；相似性和质询顺序差异分别中介和链式中介时间限制对合作的影响，且中介受到决策情境的调节。研究表明相比于竞争情境，合作情境中的时间压力感越强，且决策时间越短，感知与他人的相似性越高，越容易先产生利他想法，从而促进启发式思考和直觉合作。

关键词: 时间限制 合作 社会启发式假设 公共物品博弈 质询理论