Abstract:

Aim This article, probed into the well-being views from a new perspective: psychological orientation research, and constructed the well-being views orientation theory which is high generalized and linked with social situation. Background After reading the literatures about well-being views, we found that previous researches has some characteristics as follows: (1) They emphasized on using the viewpoints of some certain school to command the whole well-being views study, such as the naturalism well-being views, utilitarianism well-being views and etc. (2) Generally speaking, they concerned about the local and micro view of factors of well-being, including well-being goals, well-being means and etc. (3) The research results generated were depth and detail. However, there are some limitations: (1) the research view is unitary although there are so much schools, contents are overlapping, and the relation of variables is fuzzy. (2) The previous studies emphasized on the theoretical reclassification while ignoring to study the well-being view linked with the social situations. (3) The effect of theory is better than that of application, resulting in application of research results are not significant. In order to compensate for these shortcoming, and expand the horizons of well-being view researches, to make the research is much closer to society, so as to enhance the application of research results of well-being views, this article attempts to construct a new theory frame of well-being view, namely, well-being orientation theory. Method The theory is composed of four orientations, namely, social orientation, individual orientation, positive orientation and negative orientation. A scale was developed according to the theory of well-being views orientation. This article used the questionnaire on 1065 subjects and verified the theoretic model by exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analys(CFA). Findings This article was succeed in showing the existence of psychological orientation of well-being views. The structure of the theory includes four orientations: individual-oriented conceptions of subjective well-being, social- oriented conceptions of subjective well-being, positive- oriented conceptions of subjective well-being, negative-oriented conceptions of subjective well-being. The factor loadings and the fit indices are fine. The full-scale internal consistency reliability is 0.853 and full-scale three-week interval test-retest reliability is 0.810. Furthermore, the result of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicates that the whole scale has good reliability and validity. The RMSEA is 0.045, CFI and NNFI is both 0.92. All this shows that the scale not only can be used as the empirical research tool of verification of the theory of psychological oriented conceptions of subjective well-being, but also can be used to evaluate the level of personal well-being concept.

Key words: well-being views, Orientation theory, Construction, Empirical research.

摘要：

摘 要 尝试用新的理论视角—取向研究视角，对幸福观进行整合研究，建构一种与社会情境结合更紧密，更具概括性的幸福观取向理论。幸福观取向理论的假设建构模型包括四种幸福观取向维度：社会取向，个人取向，积极取向和消极取向。根据理论模型编制幸福观取向量表，以907名被试为研究对象，运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法对该理论模型进行实证研究。结果证明了该理论建构中各维度的因素负荷和拟合指数良好，幸福观取向量表显示出良好的信度和建构效度，保证了实证研究的有效性。