Abstract: Abstract Two inventories developed to assess the relationships among overt aggression, relational aggression, social preference and victimization, the Peer nomination and the Class Play, were administered to a sample(N=455)of elementary school boys and girls from grade 4 to grade 6. Besides, the mediator effects of social preference between overt aggression, relational aggression and victimization for boys and girls were tested separately. The results were as follows: First, the correlation among all the variables were significant, and the correlation between overt aggression and social preference, relational aggression and social preference for boys is more significant than for girls. Second, the gender differences were significant on overt aggression and social preference. Third, there was mediated effect of social preference between overt aggression and victimization as well as between relational aggression and victimization. Moreover, overt aggression and relational aggression in boys group had a more greatly forecasting function to social preference; and social preference in girls group had a more greatly forecasting function to victimization; there were no gender difference on the path coefficient from overt aggression and relational aggression to children’s victimization.

Key words: Key words: overt aggression, relational aggression, social preference, victimization, gender difference, mediator

摘要： 摘 要 以455名武汉某小学四、五、六年级的儿童为被试，采用同伴提名法、班级戏剧问卷，考察了不同性别儿童的外部攻击、关系攻击、社会喜好与受欺负之间的关系，重点检验了社会喜好在不同类型攻击行为与受欺负之间的中介效应及性别差异。结果表明：（1）小学儿童的外部攻击、关系攻击、社会喜好与受欺负之间均存在显著相关；其中男生的外部攻击与社会喜好、关系攻击与社会喜好的相关系数均显著高于女生；（2）小学儿童在外部攻击和社会喜好维度上得分存在显著的性别差异，男生的外部攻击得分显著高于女生，社会喜好得分显著低于女生；（3）社会喜好分别在外部攻击、关系攻击与受欺负之间存在中介效应，且外部攻击和关系攻击对社会喜好的预测系数均存在显著性别差异，表现为外部攻击、关系攻击对社会喜好的预测作用男生显著高于女生；社会喜好对受欺负的预测系数存在显著的性别差异，表现为社会喜好对受欺负的预测作用女生显著高于男生；而外部攻击和关系攻击对受欺负的预测系数均不存在性别差异。

关键词: 关键词: 外部攻击, 关系攻击, 社会喜好, 受欺负, 性别差异, 中介