关键词: 青少年, 智能手机问题性使用, 焦虑, 交叉滞后分析

Abstract: The smartphone has many characteristics, such as portability and interactivity, which make it very attractive, especially among adolescents. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is similar to Internet addiction. It is an excessive abuse of smartphones, resulting in a strong and sustained sense of dependence on mobile phones, leading to users’ obsession with obvious impairment of their psychological and social functions. It is considered that teenagers are at a special stage of physiological and psychological development, they lack resistance to attractive new things like smartphones. The uncontrolled, inappropriate or excessive use of the smartphone can give rise to social, behavioral and affective problems such as anxiety. However, the current research on teenagers’ problematic smartphone use and anxiety symptom mostly use horizontal design, which fails to reveal the causal relationship between the two variables. In addition, more and more researchers pay attention to the problem use of different gender mobile phone users. Plenty of researches showed that male and female have different performance in problematic smartphone use. In order to explore the causal relationship between teenagers’ problematic smartphone use and anxiety symptom, as well as the gender difference in the predictive relationship between and problematic smartphone use and anxiety, the present study used a cross-lagged path model/method. The scale used in the present study was revised problematic smartphone use inventory and self-rating anxiety scale. The participants came from two high schools of Shanghai, the first measuring time was 2016-1-26, and the second measuring was carried out ten months later. After measuring for two times, 393 valid participants were obtained after removing the extreme and invalid values. The valid participants including 160 males and 233 females, the average age of the high school students is 15.00 (SD= 1.48). The SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to for data analysis. A correlation analysis was done for the lateral and vertical correlation between problematic smartphone use and anxiety, the analysis of teenagers’ problematic smartphone use and anxiety symptom were done using the repeated measures ANOVA, the cross lagged relationship between problematic smartphone use and anxiety was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. We could thus see the changes of problematic smartphone use and anxiety during the ten months, and find the causal relationship between problematic smartphone use and anxiety. The results indicated that: (1) The Time 1 anxiety symptom and Time 2 anxiety symptom were positively correlated, which was 0.60. The Time 1 problematic smartphone use and Time 2 problematic smartphone use were positively correlated, which was 0.38. (2) Anxiety symptom and problematic smartphone use were positively correlated. The Time 1 anxiety symptom and Time 1 problematic smartphone use were positively correlated, which was 0.31. The Time 1 anxiety symptom and Time 2 problematic smartphone use were positively correlated, which was 0.08. The Time 1 problematic smartphone use and Time 2 anxiety symptom were positively correlated, which was 0.60. The Time 2 problematic smartphone use and Time 2 anxiety symptom were positively correlated, which was 0.23. (3) In total sample, cross-lagged regression analysis indicated that the Time 1 anxiety symptom could predict Time 2 problematic smartphone use, but Time 1 problematic smartphone use could not predict Time 2 anxiety symptom. (4) The gender difference in the one-way predictive effect of adolescent anxiety on the problematic use of smart phones is significant, which is consistent with previous studies. In conclusion: Teenagers’ anxiety symptom was closely related to their problematic smartphone use, and the relationship between teenagers’ problematic smartphone use and anxiety symptom in high school was unidirectional causation in the ten months. To be more specific, the Time 1 anxiety symptom can significantly predict the Time 2 problematic smartphone use. We can intervene the teenagers’ problematic smartphone use and anxiety symptom by helping them to find the appropriate solutions.