关键词: 主观价值, 神经计算, 价值整合, 公共货币

Abstract: Decision-making plays a very important role in the history of human social development, and to explore its neural mechanism was only a few decades. There is a growing consensus in decision neuroscience that brain makes simple choices by first assigning a value to all of the options under consideration and then comparing them, and finally choosing the biggest value option to guide decision-making. This understanding then was named the value-based decision theory. It is popular for decision researchers and was used to explain all kinds of human behaviors in the domains of decision-making about value-based decision theory. In our review, we focus on the subjective value computation and integration during inter-temporal choice and risky decision-making because of there are numerous reviews about the value computation and integration of stimulus rewards including food, water, fruit juice, money, erotic stimulus in all kinds of species. These studies emphasized that value computation is not separable with the region of ventral medial prefrontal cortex and there are distributed neural representation to compute the subjective value along the gradient of posterior-anterior axis which is consistent with the view of evolutionary of human brain and individual development. In this review, we summarized that the neural basis of the subjective value computation related with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and so on whereas the neural basis of the subjective value integration related with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and so on in the human brain. Meanwhile, the computation related with time and risk have common neural pattern using multiple-voxel pattern analysis and human brain can integrate distinct attributes and costs to form the subjective value using the model of curve interaction on the regions of VMPFC and OFC. Furthermore, we thought that human brain used distinct regions to compute the value of alternatives of which output signals were input another region (VMPFC) to integrate and form the subjective value. We can modulate the subjective value through self-control, attention and cognitive regulation methods. Self-control changed the subjective value of rewards by executive control mechanism which engages dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex modulates the value computation and integration which engage ventral medial prefrontal cortex. Attention is thought to play a key role in the computation of stimulus values at the time of choice, which suggests that attention manipulations could be used to improve decision-making in domains where self-control lapses are pervasive. We thought that the neural mechanisms used in successful self-control can be activated by exogenous attention cues which modulate stimulus value signals and attention-modulated relative value signals might serve as the input of a comparator system that is used to make a choice. The computational and neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive regulation during decision making used two distinct regulatory mechanisms including value modulation (changing the values assigned to stimuli) and behavioral control modulation (changing how value signals affect behavior) which related with VMPFC and DLPFC. Future research should continue to emphasize multi-voxel pattern analysis, individual differences, aging and gene on the effect of value computation and integration.