进化心理学视角下的社交网站积极自我呈现 *

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20230622

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在进化过程中,人类会适时采用各种工具以实现繁衍的目标。那么,在互联网元素注入下女性的择偶方式是否也会与时俱进?基于此,本研究试图考察配偶吸引目标对女大学生社交网站积极自我呈现的影响与中介机制以及这一中介作用是否会受到自尊水平的调节。结果表明：（1）配偶吸引目标对女大学生网站积极自我呈现具有显著的正向预测作用;（2）外表管理在二者之间起着部分中介作用;（3）配偶吸引目标和外表管理的关系（中介效应的前半段路径）受到自尊水平的调节,即自尊水平越高,外表管理的中介效应就越强。总之,社交网站积极自我呈现是互联网时代女性的择偶传播策略,外表管理是该策略启动的线下基础,而自尊则调节着这一策略的激活强度。

关键词: 配偶吸引, 社交网站积极自我呈现, 自尊

Abstract:

Positive Self-presentation in social network sites refers to one’s control of the content of the information and the way it is presented, to affect the formation and change of their impressions on others. With the popularity of the Internet, more female college students prefer to share their life, photos, and other information on social networking sites, presenting a selective image through social networking sites. Do they want to gain the favor of the opposite sex?

On this basis, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mate attraction on positive self-presentation of female college students in social network sites, and to further explore the mediating role of female student appearance-management behavior between mate attraction and positive self-presentation, and whether the mediating role is regulated by self-esteem. The participants were 659 female college students. Four questionnaires were used in this study, including the mate attraction questionnaire, the positive self-presentation questionnaire, the appearance-management behavior scale, and the self-esteem scale. Cronbach’s alpha for the above measures ranged from .80 to .87, showing good measurement reliabilities.

This study indicated that: (1) Mate attraction had a significantly positive relation with positive self-presentation of female college students in social networking sites. (2) Female students’ appearance-management behavior mediated the relation between mate attraction and their positive self-presentation in social networking sites. Specifically, the mediating effect accounted for 40% of the total effect. (3) The relation between mate attraction fatigue and appearance-management behavior was moderated by self-esteem. That is, with individuals’ self-esteem being strengthened, the influence of mate attraction on the positive self-presentation was also improved. Both low self-esteem group and high self-esteem group, the effect were statistically significant (β = .18, t =3.65, p < .001; β = .37, t = 7.87, p < .001). Therefore, there was a moderated mediation model between mate attraction and positive self-presentation in social networking sites.

From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, based on the gender selection theory and the self-esteem social measurement theory, our findings showed that the positive self-presentation in social networking sites was the communication strategy of female spouses in the Internet era. Our findings contributed to the literature in several ways. First, this research offered a new perspective to study the mediating mechanisms between mate attraction and positive self-presentation. Second, our result concerning the moderating effect of self-esteem contributed to the moderating mechanism between mate attraction and positive self-presentation. More importantly, the integration of the mediating and moderating models provided a more comprehensive and elaborative interpretation of the linkage between mate attraction and positive self-presentation. Furthermore, our findings also had some practical significance.

Key words: mate attraction, positive self-presentation in social network sites, self-esteem

王财玉, 王惠丽. 进化心理学视角下的社交网站积极自我呈现^*[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(6): 1447-1453.

Wang Caiyu, Wang Huili. Positive Self-Presentation in Social Networking Sites: From the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology[J]. Journal of Psychological Science, 2023, 46(6): 1447-1453.

参考文献

[1] 孔姗姗, 杨宏飞. (2009). 女大学生外表管理行为量表的编制. 中国临床心理学杂志, 17(6), 702-704, 711.
[2] 李雪, 郑涌. (2019). 美的就是好的? 外貌吸引力在亲密关系中的作用. 心理科学进展, 27(10), 1743-1757.
[3] 牛更枫, 鲍娜, 周宗奎, 范翠英, 孔繁昌, 孙晓军. (2015). 社交网站中的自我呈现对生活满意度的影响: 积极情绪和社会支持的作用. 心理发展与教育, 31(5), 563-570.
[4] 温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法: 竞争还是替补. 心理学报, 46(5), 714-726.
[5] 张林, 曹华英. (2011). 社会计量器理论的研究进展: 社交接纳/拒绝与自尊的关系. 心理科学, 34(5), 1163-1166.
[6] 张林, 阮鲁君. (2013). 自尊的心理机制——进化心理学的视角. 西北师大学报(社会科学版), 50(5), 78-82.
[7] 张亚利, 李森, 俞国良. (2019). 自尊与社交焦虑的关系: 基于中国学生群体的元分析. 心理科学进展, 27(6), 1005-1018.
[8] 周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[9] Arnocky, S., & Piché, T. (2014). Cosmetic surgery as intrasexual competition: The mediating role of social comparison. Psychology, 5(10), 1197-1205.
[10] Bareket-Bojmel L., Moran S., & Shahar G. (2016). Strategic self-presentation on Facebook: Personal motives and audience response to online behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 788-795.
[11] Bleske-Rechek A., Kolb C. M., & Quigley K. (2014). Attractiveness and rivalry in women’s same-sex friendships. In V. Weekes-Shackelford & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on human sexual psychology and behavior (pp. 347-365). Springer.
[12] Carmen R. A., Guitar A. E., & Dillon H. M. (2012). Ultimate answers to proximate questions: The evolutionary motivations behind tattoos and body piercings in popular culture. Review of General Psychology, 16(2), 134-143.
[13] Griskevicius V., Tybur J. M., Sundie J. M., Cialdini R. B., Miller G. F., & Kenrick D. T. (2007). Blatant benevolence and conspicuous consumption: When romantic motives elicit strategic costly signals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 85-102.
[14] Halpern D., Valenzuela S., & Katz J. E. (2016). “Selfie-ists” or “Narci-selfiers”? A cross-lagged panel analysis of selfie taking and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 98-101.
[15] Haselton M. G., Mortezaie M., Pillsworth E. G., Bleske-Rechek A., & Frederick D. A. (2007). Ovulatory shifts in human female ornamentation: Near ovulation, women dress to impress. Hormones and Behavior, 51(1), 40-45.
[16] Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
[17] Herbozo S., Schaefer L. M., & Thompson J. K. (2015). A comparison of eating disorder psychopathology, appearance satisfaction, and self-esteem in overweight and obese women with and without binge eating. Eating Behaviors, 17, 86-89.
[18] Kauten R. L., Lui J. H. L., Stary A. K., & Barry C. T. (2015). "Purging my friends list. Good luck making the cut": Perceptions of narcissism on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 244-254.
[19] Kobayashi Y., Matsushita S., & Morikawa K. (2017). Effects of lip color on perceived lightness of human facial skin. I-Perception, 8(4), Article 204166951771750.
[20] Leary M. R., Tambor E. S., Terdal S. K., & Downs D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(3), 518-530.
[21] Li N. P., Bailey J. M., Kenrick D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W. (2002). The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing the tradeoffs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 947-955.
[22] Liu, D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2016). Social networking online and personality of self-worth: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 64, 79-89.
[23] Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(4), 357-364.
[24] Miller, G. F. (2001). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. Anchor Books.
[25] Miltner, K. M., & Baym, N. K. (2015). The selfie of the year of the selfie: Reflections on a media scandal. International Journal of Communication, 9, 1701-1715.
[26] Morris, M., & Ogan, C. (1996). The Internet as mass medium. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 39-50.
[27] Pazda A. D., Thorstenson C. A., Elliot A. J., & Perrett D. I. (2016). Women's facial redness increases their perceived attractiveness: Mediation through perceived healthiness. Perception, 45(7), 739-754.
[28] Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press..
[29] Surbey, M. K., & Brice, G. R. (2007). Enhancement of self-perceived mate value precedes a shift in men's preferred mating strategy. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39(3), 513-522.
[30] Toma C. L., Hancock J. T., & Ellison N. B. (2008). Separating fact from fiction: An examination of deceptive self-presentation in online dating profiles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(8), 1023-1036.
[31] Wang, D. (2017). A study of the relationship between narcissism, extraversion, drive for entertainment, and narcissistic behavior on social networking sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 138-148.
[32] Whyte S., Chan H. F., & Torgler B. (2018). Do men and women know what they want? Sex differences in online daters'educational preferences. Psychological Science, 29(8), 1370-1375.

进化心理学视角下的社交网站积极自我呈现^*

Positive Self-Presentation in Social Networking Sites: From the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	童薇方仁晖聂瑞虹邓衍鹤贾继超方晓义. 婚姻对自尊的影响：以人为中心的视角[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(3): 726-733.
[2]	李文辉姜枫. 小学生学业成绩对学业自我效能感的影响：学习压力、自尊的中介作用及性别差异[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(2): 347-354.
[3]	金豆张宝山党清秀张何雅婷. 老年人自尊、希望和抑郁关系的纵向研究[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(1): 90-96.
[4]	宋省成丁菀谢瑞波吴伟王蝶陈艳华李伟健. 父亲协同教养对留守儿童问题行为的影响：父子依恋与自尊的链式中介[J]. 心理科学, 2022, 45(2): 339-346.
[5]	陈英敏邓秋月高玉洁尹莉高峰强. 羞怯对小学中高年级学生学业求助的影响：有调节的中介[J]. 心理科学, 2021, 44(5): 1126-1133.
[6]	彭坚邹艳春康勇军张旭. 参与型领导对员工幸福感的双重影响：感知同事支持的调节作用[J]. 心理科学, 2021, 44(4): 873-880.
[7]	王晓辰夏冰楠李清郝洁. 受害者视角下职场不文明行为对组织公民行为影响的双路径机制[J]. 心理科学, 2021, 44(4): 918-925.
[8]	陈晓科李祚山王婧. 困境儿童孤独与社交焦虑对抑郁的影响 ——自尊的中介作用[J]. , 2021, 44(1): 191-196.
[9]	桑青松卢家楣刘思义陈旭舒首立. 压力性生活事件与青少年自尊：被动性社交网站使用和人生意义感的中介作用[J]. , 2019, 42(5): 1155-1160.
[10]	范依婷周天爽杨莹崔丽娟. 刻板印象威胁对城市出生流动儿童认知表现的积极效应及机制[J]. , 2019, 42(4): 884-890.
[11]	叶贝李丹代同同刘俊升陈欣银. 青少年早期负面评价恐惧的发展轨迹及其影响因素[J]. 心理科学, 2019, 42(1): 62-67.
[12]	廖海萍燕晓彬张华. 政治技能与自我效能感对职业适应能力的影响——自尊的中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2019, 42(1): 144-149.
[13]	吕行钟年田波舒首立. 不同群际威胁类型对集体自尊的影响：愤怒和自卑的中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2017, 40(3): 632-637.
[14]	连帅磊孙晓军* 田媛闫景蕾牛更枫童媛添. 青少年同伴依恋对抑郁的影响：朋友社会支持和自尊的中介作用[J]. 心理科学, 2016, 39(5): 1116-1122.
[15]	杨娟侯燕杨瑜陈伟海. 自尊与心理性应激的关系初探[J]. 心理科学, 2013, 36(3): 675-680.