关键词: 价值取向, 价值观, 代际效应, 心理适应, 学校适应

Abstract: Values refer to the deep structure of individual attitudes and ideas that dominate the perception and reaction to life and world. Self-orientation and group-orientation are two typical value orientations, which represent two different ways in which individuals view and interact with their surroundings. Self-orientation is characterized by individuality and independence, and focus on its own unique and independent views and behavior style. Group-orientation is characterized by concern for the well-being and obligation of the group, and tends to respect the views and feelings of others. The intergenerational transmission of value orientation is an important process in the formation of children's values. The similarities of values between parents and children is often regarded as a index of successful transmission. A lot of studies have found the similarities of values between parents and children. In addition, researchers also have conducted further analyses on the intergenerational transmission of values and found that social culture and value orientation characteristics affect the value transmission between parents and children. China is a typical collectivistic culture, however, whether the value orientation is more easily transmitted in China's family remains under-investigated. At the same time, the adjustment outcomes of adolescents have been widely concerned by researchers. Studies have found that the different implications of value orientations on adolescents’ adjustment. For example, self-orientation is more likely to bring success, while group-orientation is more likely to get social support, thus contributing to psychological adjustment. In the context of Chinese culture, both self- and group- orientations are important, which can help individuals to maintain good interpersonal relationships with others and pursuing personal goals. As the main socialization goal of adolescents, parents also play a key role in the process of adolescents' adjustment. Parents' cultural orientation or belief system will promote specific parenting strategies, which linking cultural customs and social behaviors of adolescents dynamically. Therefore, the value orientation of parents could affect the development of adolescents directly or indirectly through their own values. Drawing upon previous findings, the present study adopted self-reports and teacher-ratings to examine 1730 adolescents and their parents in grade 7 (1007) and grade 9 (729) in Shanghai, Henan, Shandong and Gansu provinces. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the intergenerational effect of value orientation and its relations with adolescent psychological and school adjustments. The results showed that :(1) Both parents’ group-orientation could positively predicted the group responsibility dimension of adolescents' values; Paternal group-orientation and maternal self-orientation could positively predicted adolescents' friendship; Paternal self-orientation and maternal group-orientation could positively predicted adolescents' self-improvement, and only maternal self-orientation positively predicted adolescent's fashion orientation. (2) Both parents’ group-orientation could positively predicted adolescents' psychological adjustment through adolescents' collective responsibility; Parents’ self-orientation and maternal group-orientation could positively predicted adolescents' psychological and school adjustments through adolescents' self-improvement. (3) Maternal self-orientation positively predicted adolescents' psychological adjustment, and negatively predicted adolescents' school adjustment through adolescents' friendship; but maternal self-orientation negatively predicted adolescents' psychological and school adjustments through adolescents' fashion. These results revealed the intergenerational transmission effect of value orientation between parents and children and highlighted the importance of intergenerational effect on adolescents' psychological and school adjustments.

Key words: value orientation, values, intergenerational effect, psychological adjustment, school adjustment