心理科学

心理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 693-703.

• 社会、人格与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

不公平感知对普遍信任的影响

袁博,陈思宇,董悦,李伟强   

  1. （宁波大学心理学系暨研究所，宁波，315211）
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-18 修回日期:2022-11-23 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 李伟强

How does unfairness perception influence generalized trust?

Yuan Bo **, Chen Siyu, Dong Yue, Li Weiqiang **   

  1. （Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211）
  • Received:2020-08-18 Revised:2022-11-23 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-20
  • Contact: Waikeung Lee

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摘要： 公平作为人类社会最重要的社会规范之一，对于个人生存和社会稳定至关重要。以往研究表明，不公平感知(unfairness perception)会降低个体对不公平实施者的信任，但目前尚不清楚这种影响是否会泛化到对无关陌生人的信任。通过两项实验研究对上述问题进行了探讨，研究1首先通过最后通牒游戏(ultimatum game)，操纵提议者分钱方案公平性，诱发公平和不公平情境，随后通过信任游戏(Trust game)考察个体对无关陌生人的信任行为。研究2让被试作为观察者，观察独裁者游戏(Dictator Game)中的公平和不公平分配行为，随后通过信任游戏考察个体对无关陌生人的信任行为。结果表明：(1) 在先前的最后通牒游戏中受到不公平对待的参与者，在随后的信任游戏中向陌生人投资的钱数更少（研究1）；(2) 在先前的独裁者游戏中观察到不公平行为的旁观者，在随后的信任游戏中向陌生人的投资钱数也减少（研究2）。上述结果表明，先前互动中形成的不公平感知，可能会降低个体随后社会互动中对无关陌生人的普遍信任。因此，维持社会公平规范对普遍信任具有重要影响，研究结果为建立和维护社会信任提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 不公平感知, 普遍信任, 最后通牒, 独裁者游戏, 信任游戏

Abstract: As one of the most important social norms of the human society, fairness is essential for individual subsistence and social stability. Previous studies have shown that unfairness perception decreased specific trust toward the unfair partners. However, it is still unclear whether this effect could extend to unrelated strangers. Two studies were conducted to explore whether and how unfairness perception impacts on generalized trust to unrelated strangers. The results showed that (1) participants who were unfairly treated in the previous Ultimatum Game, invested less money to strangers in the following Trust Game (Study 1). (2) participants who observed unfair behavior in the previous Dictator Game as a beholder, also invested less money to strangers in the following Trust Game (Study 2). The results indicate that unfairness perception formed from previous interaction could temporarily decrease generalized trust to unrelated others in subsequent situation. The current study reveals that maintaining social norms has a dramatic influence on generalized trust and provide scientific reference for trust building and maintenance.

Key words: unfairness perception, generalized trust, ultimatum game, dictator game, trust game