关键词: 唯识, 精进, 应对, 努力, 主观幸福感

Abstract: Since its foundation, Western psychology is characterized by its drawbacks of attending to one aspect and losing sight of other ones. For instance, Skinner’s radical behaviorism investigated behavior, but neither studied consciousness, nor studied unconsciousness. Freud's psychoanalysis eventually studied unconsciousness, but exaggerated functions of unconsciousness, and belittled roles of consciousness, moreover, they attended to the evil elements in the unconsciousness whereas neglected the good ones in it. The same is true with such schools as Gestalt psychology, humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology, all of them had drawbacks of attending to one aspect and losing sight of other ones. Unlike Western psychology, Yogacara Buddhism or vij?apti-matra philosophy studied not only behavior, but also consciousness and unconsciousness. Yogacara Buddhism is the most precise one in Buddhist schools. As a starting point, Yogacara Buddhism divided the mental structure into two classes: kings of mind and subordinates of mind. Just as the terms implied, similar to the kings of the kingdoms, kings of mind play the ruling roles; like the ministers of the kingdoms, subordinates of mind play the subsidiary roles. Kings of mind include visual cognition, auditory cognition, olfactory cognition, gustatory cognition, tactual cognition, cognition ⅵ (manovijnanam）, cognition ⅶ (saptamvijnanam) and cognition ⅷ (alayavijnanam). Subordinates of mind includes fifty-one members grouped into six families. The former five cognitions have covered perceptions in psychology; cognition ⅵ has covered such concepts as self-esteem, self-concept, self-consciousness, self-efficacy, self-regulation, meta-cognition in psychology; cognition ⅷ has covered the unconsciousness in psychology. However, it should be noted that the unconsciousness in psychology is just a tiny portion of cognition ⅷ, rather than its whole portion. As a matter of fact, cognition ⅷ has even covered such concepts as genetic genes, biological bases, schemes. Such psychological concepts as self-esteem are just a tiny portion of cognition ⅶ. Perceptions or consciousness in psychology are far from the whole portion of former five cognitions or cognition ⅵ. Obviously, Yogacara Buddhism is characterized with giving simultaneous consideration to genetic genes, biological bases, behavior, consciousness and unconsciousness, and it must be a precious reference for Western psychology to overcome its drawbacks of attending to one aspect and losing sight of other ones. For this reason, authors of this paper advanced the project for integration of Yogacara Buddhism with psychology. Many books or journal articles have been published on psychology of Buddhism which includes psychology of Yogacara Buddhism, however, all of them were based on speculative methodology rather than empirical methodology. Authors of this paper are supposed to employ empirical methodology in their project for integration of Yogacara Buddhism with psychology. Yogacara Buddhism is characterized with extensive knowledge and profound scholarship, the project for integration of Yogacara Buddhism with psychology should be a huge and complex one. It is impossible for one or several papers to complete the whole project. The main objectives of current studies are selecting industriousness concept, one of fifty-one members from subordinates of mind, as a starting-point, employing 588 high school students as subjects, adopting the Industriousness in Vijnapti-matra Questionnaire, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience as instruments, investigating structure of industriousness as first step, then investigating functions of industriousness, exemplified by its effects on subjective well-being. The following results were obtained: (1) The structure of Industriousness consists of seven factors; (2) Industriousness with non-inferiority and Industriousness in armour were largest positive predictors for satisfaction with life and positive affect; (3) Industriousness in armour and Industriousness with more actions were weak negative predictors for negative affect. Current studies explored the structure and functions of Industriousness with empirical methodology, and they are innovative trials of empirical studies on psychology of Yogacara Buddhism and psychology of Buddhism as a whole, and they should generate positive effects on promoting integration of Yogacara Buddhism with psychology, on constructing psychology with Chinese features, on exporting Chinese psychology to international community.

Key words: Vijnapti-matra, Industriousness, coping, effort, subjective well-being