关键词: 反思自我评价, 自信, 关系型自我构念, 自我

Abstract: Self-confidence has been a most concerned issue in psychology field and for a long while researchers have tried to explore how people’s self-confidence forms and develops. One most agreed viewpoint is that through introspection and observing one’s own behavior people could get their self-concept. People also use reflected self-appraisals to know themselves, which means perceived evaluations by their close others. A large number of researches in the relevant area have confirmed that reflected self-appraisals play an essential role in the formation and development of self-concept. However, the relationship between reflected self-appraisals and self-confidence is still unknown. According to the work which found that describing one’s close others could change his self-confidence, we hypothesized reflected self-appraisals could affect self-confidence. In the process of reflected self-appraisals, one’s mind is on how his close others view him, thus it can activate his relational-interdependent self-construal, which means the tendency people hold to perceive and evaluate themselves through others. People with high relational-interdependent self-construal prefer to view themselves through relationships, while others with low relational-interdependent self-construal prefer an independent perspective for self-evaluation. From the above, we further hypothesized that relational-interdependent self-construal works as a moderating variable in the relationship between reflected self-appraisals and self-confidence. The current study included two experiments. In experiment 1, 119 undergraduates filled the Relational-interdependent Self-construal Scale (Chinese version) firstly, and then the participants were asked to answer to what extent 90 valence balanced trait words accorded with the appraisals from their closest friends so as to activate their reflected self-appraisals. Finally all the participants completed the questionnaire of state self-confidence. The procedure of experiment 2 was all the same with experiment 1 except the relational-interdependent self-construal task, 82 participants were asked to make sentences beginning with the word “I” or “we” in order to activate their low or high relational-interdependent self-construal. The results from experiment 1 showed that: reflected self-appraisals can well predict self-confidence, t =2.91, p <.01. For people with high relational-interdependent self-construal, the positive reflected self-appraisals could lead high self-confidence, В=2.39，t =3.76，p<.001. For people with low relational-interdependent self-construal, reflected self-appraisals could not lead significant changing to self-confidence, В=.36，t=.65，p>.05. Experiment 2 got the consistent results: reflected self-appraisals have a significant main effect, F（1,78）=16.62，p<.001. Positive reflected self-appraisals could bring higher self-confidence to those who have been activated high relational-interdependent self-construal. For people with low state relational-interdependent self-construal, neither positive nor negative reflected self-appraisals could influence their self-confidence, F（1,78）=.59，p>.05. These results indicate that holding high or low relational-interdependent self-construal is important to one’s self-confidence experienced at the very moment when one is thinking how others appraise himself. Thus appropriately activating one’s relational-interdependent self-construal will be a reasonable way to develop his self-confidence.

Key words: reflected self-appraisals, self-confidence, relational-interdependent self-construal, self