Abstract: The ability to anticipate an opponent’s behavior has proved a reliable discriminator of athletes and novice performers in many reactive sports including badminton, soccer, tennis and basketball. But, the majority of questions are equivocal, such as the superior anticipation of the athletes exists in simple percipience task or realistic stimuli anticipation task, the feature of athletes’ underlying process in anticipation, and the Event related potential(ERP) effects of superior action anticipation in athletes. The study here was done to solve the above questions deeply. Experiment 1 was to explore the mechanism of athletes’ underlying process of the anticipating task. The subjects were asked to anticipate the realistic stimuli of different temporal occlusions. And then uniting the accuracy ratings and self-confidence ratings with the distribution of solution probabilities of the perceptual anticipation task were analyzed. The accuracy rate of athletes in deceptive movement was significantly lower than that in no-deceptive(normal) movement; Athletes’ accuracy and confidence ratings of deceptive movement were superior than novices’; The test item solution probabilities were found to be more widely distributed in athletes than novices in deceptive movement task. The multi-task approach was used in experiment 2. The deceptive movement’s RTs and normal movement’s RTs were measured with two types of stimuli. The results showed that both RTs and accuracy rate were significantly different between the athletes and the novices in deceptive movement with the realistic stimuli. In experiment 3, we compared basketball athletes with novices in the brain responses of ERP when they watched sequential clips of basketball games and predicted the direction change of opponent. There were significant differences between the athletes and novices in the aspects of amplitude of N2 component in frontal-central region，P2 latency，and amplitude of parietal-occipital region. Based on the results of the three experiments，we drew our conclusions as follows: (1)The deceptive movement is more sensitive than normal movement; (2) Only under the condition of complex realistic stimuli tasks，did the athletes perform better，and the reason is that the athletes may be familiar with this sport stimuli; (3)Athletes usually use inferential(heuristic-based) judgments in all conditions, however, novices use direct-perceptual(invariant-based) judgments; (4)Athletes input less cognitive resources during the perception period, can make decisions quickly, and show significant advantages in anticipation.

Key words: basketball athlete, perceptual anticipation, deceptive movement, information processing, heuristic strategies

摘要： 进行了三项实验以探讨篮球运动员知觉预期优势的原因，实验一通过对假动作任务和无假动作任务的预期正确率和自信心程度分析发现所有被试在假动作任务中的正确率和自信心程度均小于无假动作任务，假动作任务中运动员在这两个指标上均优于新手且趋势更满足二次曲线。实验二通过多重任务方法比较了点刺激和运动情景刺激条件下有无假动作任务的预期判断，发现假动作任务中运动员在反应时和正确率方面都有显著优势。实验三通过ERP分析发现运动员诱发了较大的N200和P200。据此认为，运动员的知觉预期优势可能主要存在假动作任务中，运动员在预期中采取启发式策略、并且更早编码、注意范围集中且稳定。

关键词: 篮球运动员, 知觉预期, 假动作任务, 信息加工, 启发式策略