Abstract: Introduction The previous relevant studies have examined people’s conceptual comprehension rather than logical comprehension of semantic relations of sufficient conditionals (if p then q). The present experiment with college students was conducted to examine the influence of the representation of semantic relations of sufficient conditionals, and to compare conceptual comprehension with logical comprehension of semantic relations of sufficient conditionals. The experiment also examined the influence of the type of sufficient conditionals (contingence、obligation、permission、definition and causality conditionals ) on comprehension of semantic relations. Method 170 participants of college students were randomly assigned to five groups. Each groups completed both logical comprehension task and conceptual comprehension task of a type of conditionals. There were two independence variables. One was the question representation (logical vs. conceptual representation) of semantic relations of conditionals. In the logical comprehension task, the logical question representations of the four semantic relations of conditionals were respectively: “whether if p then q is true or false?” for the sufficiency of p for q, “if not p then not q is true or false” for the necessity of p for q, “if q then p is true or false” for the sufficiency of q for p, “if not q then not p is true or false” for the necessity of q for p. In the conceptual comprehension task, the conceptual question representations of the four semantic relations of conditionals were respectively: “can p ensure q?” for the sufficiency of p for q, “is p necessary for q?” for the necessity of p for q, “can q ensure p?” for the sufficiency of q for p, “is q necessary for p?” for the necessity of q for p. The other independence variable was the type of sufficient conditionals. There were the five types of conditionals: contingence, obligation, permission, definition and causality conditionals. Results The results showed that the question representation of semantic relations had the different influences on the two comprehensions of whether semantic relations between antecedents and consequents were sufficient, and whether semantic relations between antecedents and consequents were necessary. For the questions that whether semantic relations between antecedents and consequents were sufficient, there were significant positive correlations between the logical comprehensions and the conceptual comprehensions. The conceptual comprehensions were consistent with the logical comprehensions. For the questions that whether semantic relations between antecedents and consequents were necessary, there were no significant positive correlations between the logical comprehensions and the conceptual comprehensions. The conceptual comprehensions were dissociated with the logical comprehensions. For the questions that whether the antecedents were necessary for the consequents, there were more positive responses in the conceptual comprehensions than those in logical comprehensions. Moreover, the results showed that there were differences in the question comprehensions of whether the consequents were necessary for the antecedents in the five different conditionals. There were more positive responses in the question comprehensions of permission and definition conditionals than those in the question comprehensions of contingence, obligation and causality conditionals. Conclusion In summary, the present study shows that for the questions that whether semantic relations between antecedents and consequents were sufficient, the conceptual comprehensions were consistent with the logical comprehensions. For the questions that whether semantic relations between antecedents and consequents were necessary, there were no significant positive correlations between the logical comprehensions and the conceptual comprehensions. For the question comprehensions of whether the consequents were necessary for the antecedents in the five different conditionals. There were more positive responses in the question comprehensions of permission and definition conditionals than those in the question comprehensions of contingence, obligation and causality conditionals.

Key words: conditionals, semantic relation, sufficient, necessary, conceptual comprehension, logical comprehension

摘要： 实验用大学生被试考察了充分条件句语义关系表达形式（逻辑形式和概念形式）和条件句类型（五种条件句）对充分条件句语义关系理解的影响。实验结果发现，语义关系表达形式影响被试对条件句中必要性的语义关系理解，而不影响被试对条件句中充分性的语义关系理解，在对条件句前后件之间语义关系的逻辑理解成绩和概念理解成绩之间既有相关又有分离：对是否充分的语义关系的两种理解成绩之间存在相关一致，而对是否必要的语义关系的两种理解成绩之间存在分离；五种条件句在对后件对前件的必要性的知觉难易程度受条件句意义内容的影响而存在明显差异，这种差异导致被试对许可句和定义句的后件必要性理解成绩高于对偶然句、义务句和因果句的后件必要性理解成绩。

关键词: 条件句, 语义关系, 充分, 必要, 逻辑理解, 概念理解