心理科学

心理科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1317-1322.

• 基础、实验与工效 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同掩蔽材料对阅读知觉广度的影响

闫国利1,张巧明2,张兰兰1,白学军1   

  1. 1. 天津师范大学心理与行为研究院
    2. 鲁东大学教育科学学院
  • 收稿日期:2012-02-20 修回日期:2012-09-10 出版日期:2013-11-20 发布日期:2013-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 闫国利

Effect of Masking Material on Percetptual Span in Chinese reading

Guo-Li Yan1, 2, 1, 1   

  1. 1.
    2. Institute of Educational Science, Ludong University
  • Received:2012-02-20 Revised:2012-09-10 Online:2013-11-20 Published:2013-12-11
  • Contact: Guo-Li Yan

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摘要： 采用移动窗口技术，探讨了不同掩蔽材料对中文阅读知觉广度的影响，结果表明：（1）相对于“※”掩蔽，文字掩蔽条件下的阅读效率更低、平均注视时间更长、眼跳幅度更小。（2）“※”掩蔽下被试的知觉广度为注视字左侧1个字，右侧2－3个字；文字掩蔽下被试的知觉广度为注视字左侧1个字，右侧3－4个字。综合上述结果，文字掩蔽材料可以比“※”掩蔽材料获得更大的知觉广度，但阅读效率更低。在中文阅读中，文字掩蔽材料更适合探讨阅读知觉广度

关键词: 知觉广度, 移动窗口技术, 掩蔽材料

Abstract: Perceptual span refers to the area of effective vision from which useful information can be obtained during a fixation in reading (McConkie and Rayner, 1975 ; Rayner and Pollatsek, 1989;D. Shen et al.,2008). Research has demonstrated that skilled adult readers of Chinese obtain useful information from an asymmetric region extending roughly 1 character spaces to the left of fixation to about 2–3 character spaces to the right of fixation. To determine the size of the perceptual span, the classic gaze-contingent moving-window technique was developed (McConkie and Rayner, 1975 ). In this technique, the text outside a pre-defined window around the point of fixation is masked by Xs or scrambled letters. Thus, wherever the reader looks, the text is visible within the window, but outside the window the text is disrupted in some way. By varying the masking material, the researcher have found the perceptual span is different in English and other alphabetic writing systems In the present study gaze-contingent moving-window technique was used to explore the effect of masking material on perceptual span of Chinese reading. 26 college students participated. Their eye movements were recorded with a SR Research EyeLink eye tracker. 130 sentences were presented in seven viewing conditions (R1、R2、R3、R4、L1R4、L2R4 and whole line) to examine the perceptual span of college students in different masking conditions. The results showed: (1) Compared with symbol masking condition, the reading efficiency in character masking conditon was lower, average fixation time was longer and saccade amplitude was smaller. (2) The participants could obtain useful information from an asymmetric region extending roughly 1 character space to the left of fixation to about 2–3 character spaces to the right of fixation in the symbol masking condition, and the perceptual span extended 1 character space to the left of fixation to about 3–4 character spaces to the right of fixation in the character masking condition. In summary, the perceptual span is larger but the reading efficiency is lower in the character masking condition than those of symbol masking. Perhaps character is more approriate to be used as the masking material to study the perceptual span in Chinese reading.

Key words: perceptual span, gaze-contingent moving-window technique, masking material