心理科学

心理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 735-740.

• 临床与咨询 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会支持、主动反刍与创伤后成长的关系：基于汶川地震后青少年的追踪研究

伍新春1,周宵2,陈杰灵1,曾旻3,田雨馨3   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学
    2. 以色列特拉维夫大学，社会工作学院；I-CORE重大创伤研究中心
    3. 北京师范大学心理学院
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-12 修回日期:2015-09-16 出版日期:2016-05-20 发布日期:2015-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 伍新春

The Relationship among Social Support, Deliberate Rumination and Posttraumatic Growth: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents after Wenchuan Earthquake

  • Received:2015-05-12 Revised:2015-09-16 Online:2016-05-20 Published:2015-06-20

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摘要： 本文以追踪研究的方式，在汶川地震后3.5年、4.5年和5.5年三个时间点，采用社会支持问卷、反刍问卷和创伤后成长问卷对汶川地震后245名中学生进行调查。通过建立交叉滞后模型，考察社会支持、主动反刍与创伤后成长的相互作用关系。结果发现，震后3.5年至5.5年间，社会支持对主动反刍和PTG的跨时间点预测作用不显著；主动反刍对PTG具有显著的跨时间点正向预测作用，但对社会支持的跨时间点预测作用不显著；震后3.5年的PTG对震后4.5年的主动反刍具有显著的跨时间点正向预测作用，但震后4.5年的PTG对震后5.5年的主动反刍的跨时间点预测作用不显著；震后3.5年和4.5年的PTG分别对震后4.5年和5.5年的社会支持的跨时间预测作用均不显著。

关键词: 社会支持, 主动反刍, 创伤后成长（PTG）, 追踪研究

Abstract: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is the most common positive outcome after traumatic events. And, previous studies found that there are many factors have an effect on the developmental process of PTG. The model of PTG of Calhoun and Tedeschi (2006) suggest that social support and deliberate rumination were considered as two important promoting factors. In the fact, Calhoun and Tedeschi (2006) regarded PTG as an important mental result after traumatic experience.However, the PTG model of Hobfoll et al.(2007) and the Janus-face model of PTG (Maercker & Zoellner, 2004) emphasize that PTG also be possible a coping style after trauma, and can predict social support and deliberate rumination. Based on different theories, then many empirical studies found that social support and deliberate have a positive effect on PTG, and PTG also influence social support and deliberate rumination. The relationship among social support, deliberate rumination and PTG were unclear. The reason for it is that the theoretical perspective are different, and the participants of different studies can be different. More importantly, the limits of cross-lagged study on the causal relation can be an important attribution. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the relationship among social support, deliberate rumination and PTG from longitudinal perspective. The current longitudinal study examined the course and bidirectional relation between social support, deliberate rumination and posttraumatic growth (PTG). 245 secondary school students in the most severely affected area were investigated by self-report deliberate rumination, PTSD and PTG questionnaires at 3.5 year 4.5 year and 5.5 year after Wenchuan Earthquake. The cross-lagged structure equation analysis revealed that social support have non-significant effect on deliberate rumination and PTG from 3.5 year to 5.5 year after earthquake. Between 3.5 year and 5.5 year after earthquake, deliberate rumination predicted significantly PTG but not social support. Moreover, PTG predicted significantly deliberate rumination from 3.5 year to 4.5 year but not 4.5 year to 5.5 year after earthquake. In addition, the effect of PTG on social support is non-significant between 3.5 year and 5.5 year after earthquake.

Key words: social support, deliberate rumination, PTG, longitudinal study