关键词: 希望思维, 临床应用, 身心健康, 积极发展

Abstract: Abstract The cognitive theory of hope proposed that hope is a goal-driven positive thinking strategy which is composed of three components, goal, agency and pathway. Individuals with high level of both agency and pathway can only be considered as possessed of high level of hope. Emotion is accounted as the sequelae of the thoughts and activities of goal attainment. A substantial of studies at home and abroad have manifested, statistically and theoretically, the cognitive model of hope's existing and structure are worldwide, inter-age and cross-culture. As an attainable cognitive strategy, hopeful thinking can be trained and sustained by systematic practices to regain the feeling of hope and improve the strength of individual to deal with their problems and issues. Hence, the significance of hopeful thinking in clinical area has been extensively recognized and demonstrated. In the midst of adversity, hopeful thinking prevents individuals from psychological cost and promotes adaptive cope. Firstly, hopeful thinking is important to the treatment of physical and mental diseases. Researchers and doctors regard hope as crucial ingredient in the cure of cancer, stroke, chronic disease and other physical illness as well as mental illness like schizophrenia and emotional disorder. Patients with high level hope seek for treatments on their own initiatives and face the situation with more positive attitudes which will alleviate the feeling of depression and anxiety and at the same time increase the survival rate. Besides, the behaviors and emotion of paramedics and care-givers interacts with patients, hence, high hope is important to both the patients and paramedics and care-givers. Secondly, hopeful thinking has also been used to develop interventions that aims at the behavior modification of drug abusers, sexual offenders and at-risk youth. Thirdly, hope positively correlates with Resilience and Post-traumatic growth. Increasing hope could enhance individuals' psychological strength so that the subjective well-being and life satisfaction could be improved as well. Fourthly, when deal with stress, people with high hope level generate more pathways flexibly and benefit with the experience while their counterparts tend to avoid or be depressed. Some researches devoted to use the hope related interventions to help people cope with their pressures in a positive and benign way. The results indicated remarkable effects of those interventions. Finally, hopeful thinking plays an important role in the development of individuals. It's highly related to the academic?achievement and sport accomplishment. Researchers use horticultural and sandtray therapies to boost high school students' hopeful thinking and thus improving student's ability to battle?stress and promoting their psychological strength. The practice of hopeful thinking in clinical era not only shed lights on the alleviation of symptoms, but also conttributed to the positive development of individuals which offers a fine example for the practice of other positive strengths. In summary, the practice of hopeful thinking in clinical area have four general characteristics. The first one is it's wide applications for patients suffer from different diseases, people with misbehavior, citizens deal with great pressure and normal individuals long for better development. The second feature is it's easy to?master because it doesn't need long complex course of treatment. Thirdly, it can be attained by stand-alone systematic hope interventions like traditional check-list, discussion and story-telling. The intervention normally concludes four steps, the introduction of hope, the explore of personal goals, the generation of pathways to pursuit goals and the enhance of the motivation. The last characteristic is that the enhancement techniques of hopeful thinking can easily be incorporated evidence-support psychotherapies like Couple Therapy and Narrative?Therapy. To summarize to general process of the intervention of hopeful thinking, a Three-Stage Intervention Model was posited, paving path for the future studies and practices. Towards a better future, the following researches should make efforts on the discovery and utilization of the internal mechanism of hopeful thinking, at the same time focus on the deeper and broader practice of the indigenization of hopeful thinking in clinical setting.

Key words: Hopeful thinking, Clinical practice, Physical and mental health, Positive development